Pharmaceutical formulation and development involve transforming active pharmaceutical ingredients (API’s) into safe, effective, and patient-friendly medications. This process encompasses several key stages: 1. Pre-formulation Studies 2. Formulation Design 3. Process Development and Optimization 4. Quality by Design (QbD) 5. Regulatory…
A multi mill (also called a multi-mill, communiting mill, or multimill) is a high-speed size-reduction and granulation machine widely used in pharma to reduce lumps, de-agglomerate, and produce uniform granules/powders before blending, compression, capsule filling, or coating. It works by…
A vibro sifter (vibro separator / gyratory sifter) is a GMP equipment used in pharma to screen, grade, and de-lump powders or granules by passing material through one or more mesh screens using controlled vibration. Its main purpose is to…
AHU Qualification in Pharma – Step-by-Step Guide AHU Qualification in Pharma are the heart of HVAC systems in pharmaceutical facilities. They control temperature, humidity, air cleanliness, and pressure differentials – all critical for maintaining classified area conditions as per GMP.…
Epoxy flooring in pharma is a seamless, non-porous resin floor system used in manufacturing, packaging, QC labs, and warehouses to support GMP cleanliness, durability, and contamination control. Its main value is that it creates a surface that is easy to…
The molybdenum spot test in pharma is a quick, on-the-spot positive material identification (PMI) screening test used mainly to confirm whether stainless-steel items in contact with product/utility are molybdenum-bearing grades (e.g., SS316/316L) rather than molybdenum-free grades (e.g., SS304). This matters…
Calculator validation in pharma ensures that any calculator used for GMP decisions produces accurate, consistent, and traceable results. It applies to calculators used for critical calculations in manufacturing, QC, QA, engineering, and validation—such as assay calculations, dilution factors, yields, label…
A Purified Water (PW) system in pharma is a controlled utility designed to generate, store, and distribute water that meets pharmacopeial requirements for chemical purity and microbiological quality. PW is widely used for non-sterile product manufacturing, equipment cleaning, and as…
A BMR (Batch Manufacturing Record) and BPR (Batch Packaging Record) checklist ensures each batch is made and packed exactly as approved, with complete traceability, GMP compliance, and data integrity. Below is a practical checklist used by QA BMR Checklist (Manufacturing)…
Purified Water System 1) Feed water & pretreatmentPW usually starts from potable water. Pretreatment protects the purification equipment and typically includes multimedia filter (particles), activated carbon (removes chlorine), softener (hardness control), and cartridge filtration. Proper chlorine/chloramine control is essential to…