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  • Joined: April 17, 2022
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DICLOFENAC SODIUM ASSAY (METHOD 4)

Diclofenac Sodium Assay – Acidification–Extraction Method The acidification–extraction assay method for Diclofenac Sodium is a widely used analytical procedure in pharmaceutical quality control laboratories. This method is based on converting Diclofenac Sodium into its free acid form through acidification, followed by extraction into an organic solvent and quantitative determination. It is especially useful for evaluating the purity and potency of raw materials and finished pharmaceutical formulations. Diclofenac Sodium is the sodium salt of diclofenac, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) commonly used to relieve pain, inflammation, and swelling. Since the compound is soluble in water in its sodium salt form, acidification with a mineral acid such as hydrochloric acid converts it into diclofenac acid, which is less water-soluble and more soluble in organic solvents like chloroform or ethyl acetate. In this assay, a measured quantity of Diclofenac Sodium sample is dissolved in distilled water. The solution is then acidified carefully using dilute hydrochloric acid until the pH reaches an acidic range, usually around pH 2. Upon acidification, diclofenac precipitates or becomes extractable into an organic phase. The mixture is transferred into a separating funnel, and extraction is performed multiple times using a suitable organic solvent to ensure complete recovery of the drug. The combined organic extracts are filtered and evaporated to dryness or analyzed directly depending on the analytical protocol. Quantitative determination may be carried out gravimetrically, spectrophotometrically, or by titration. The assay result is calculated based on the amount of diclofenac recovered compared to the labeled or theoretical amount. This method provides reliable accuracy and reproducibility when performed under controlled laboratory conditions. Proper pH adjustment, efficient extraction, and complete solvent removal are critical factors influencing the assay outcome. The acidification–extraction technique remains an effective and economical method for routine pharmaceutical analysis of Diclofenac Sodium.

Diclofenac Sodium Assay Method 4 is based on the formation of an ion-pair complex between diclofenac sodium and methylene blue under alkaline phosphate buffer conditions. Diclofenac sodium is an acidic drug and exists mainly in ionized form in phosphate buffer…

DICLOFENAC SODIUM ASSAY – ACIDIFICATION – EXTRACTION METHOD 3

Diclofenac Sodium Assay - Acidification-Extraction Method 3

Diclofenac Sodium Assay – Acidification–Extraction Method The acidification–extraction assay method for Diclofenac Sodium is a widely used analytical procedure in pharmaceutical quality control laboratories. This method is based on converting Diclofenac Sodium into its free acid form through acidification, followed…

GREAT SCIENTIST WHO SERVED PHARMA SECTOR

Great Scientist who served pharma

Great scientists have played a major role in the growth and success of the pharmaceutical sector. Their discoveries helped develop life-saving medicines, vaccines, diagnostic methods, and safer drug regulations. The pharma industry today stands on the foundation created by these…

GRAM STAINING

Gram Staining

Step-by-Step Procedure 1. Prepare the Smear Take a clean, grease-free glass slide. Place a small drop of sterile water on the slide if using a colony from solid media.Mix a small amount of bacterial colony into the drop and spread…

DICLOFENAC SODIUM ASSAY (TITRATION METHOD 2)

Diclofenac Sodium Titration (Method 2)

Diclofenac Sodium Assay Method Methanol Dissolution and Titration Method Principle Diclofenac Sodium is dissolved in methanol and titrated with 0.1 M sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The amount of Diclofenac Sodium present in the sample is calculated from the volume of NaOH…

DICLOFENAC SODIUM ASSAY (TITRATION METHOD 1)

Diclofenac Sodium Assay (Titration)

Method 1: Non-Aqueous Titration Method Principle Diclofenac sodium is titrated in a non-aqueous medium using 0.1 M perchloric acid. This Diclofenac Sodium Assay (Titration) method 1 is suitable because diclofenac sodium behaves properly in non-aqueous solvent systems. Reagents Required Procedure…

PARACETAMOL ASSAY (CD METHOD)

Paracetamol Assay (CD Method)

Since both standard and sample final concentrations are same, assay is calculated by direct absorbance comparison. Formula % Assay=Sample ODStandard OD×100\% \text{ Assay} = \frac{\text{Sample OD}}{\text{Standard OD}} \times 100% Assay=Standard ODSample OD​×100 Substitution % Assay=0.4980.512×100\% \text{ Assay} = \frac{0.498}{0.512} \times 100 % Assay=0.5120.498​×100 =0.97265625×100= 0.97265625 \times 100 =0.97265625×100…

PARACETAMOL ASSAY BY UV SPECTROPHOTOMETER

Paracetamol Assay by UV Spectrophotometer

Paracetamol Standard Preparation Step 1: Weighing Weigh 100 mg of Paracetamol accurately. Step 2: First Dilution Transfer the weighed Paracetamol into a suitable volumetric flask. Add 25 mL of methanol and dissolve it properly. Step 3: Make Up Volume Make…

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